Fourth to powell m



(No Model.)

P. G. DOUGLAS.

WRENCH.

No. 468,241, Patented Feb. 2, 1892.

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'iw/ag PENDLE'ION G. DOUGLAS, OF GAINESVILLE,

PATENT OFFICE.

TIRGINIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- FOURTH TO POWELL lli. BRADLEY, OF SAME PLACE.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 468,241, dated`February 2, 1892.

Application filed October 6, 1891.

To @ZZ whom, it may concern.'

l Be it known that I, PENDLETON G. DoUeLAs, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Gainesville, in the county ot' Prince lVilliam andStatev of f'irginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin lVienclies, ot' which the following is a specification, referencebeing had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to wrenches and other analogous devices, and isdesigned particularly as an improvement on ratchet-wrenches.

The chief object of theinvention is to maintain the parallelism ofpivotally-mounted gripping-jaws, so as to distribute the pressureequally on all parts of the gripped faces of the nut or bolt and toenable the points or ends of the jaws to lie closely to the sides of thenut, thus enabling the wrench to be operated in a limited space.

Another object of the invention is to so construct the shell of thewrench-head and its coacting parts as to render the wrench capable ofwithstanding great torsional strain.

lVith these objects in View the invention consists in novel features ofconstruction and combinations, which will be fully described in theensuing specification and claimed in the clauses at the close thereof.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of aratchet-wrench embodying my improvements, a portion of the handle and ofthe shell being broken away and the jaws being shown as open. Fig. 2 isa longitudinal section through the head with the jaws more nearlyclosed. Fig. 3 is a similar view with the jaws removed. Fig. lillustrates in perspective the removed and separated parts. Fig. 5 is anelevation of the wrench-head, taken from the end. Fig. G isa detail viewshowing a portion of one of the sides or cheeks of the head,illustrating a modified construction.

Referring to the drawings, A is a handle or lever provided at its in nerend with a ring B, encircling the upper end of the head O of the wrench.This handle or lever A is also provided on opposite sides, near itsinner end, with spring-pressed pawls a, each designed to engage acircular rack or ratchet c, formed on or secured to the head O of thewrench, a

Serial No, 407,886. (No model.)

fianged collar A being mounted on the handle A in such position that itsliange a' may depress the outer end of either one of the pawls a, thuspermitting but one of the pawls a to remain in engagement with theratchet c. The flange a is, however, so formed that by proper adjustmentof the collar A both of the pawls may relnain in engagement with theratchet c, thus locking the head C and handle A together, all of whichis usual and well known in this class of devices.

To the upper cud of head C is secured a washer b, the flanged head of athumb-nut D bearing on its upper surface. This thumbnut D is providedwith a tubular stem d, threaded internally to engage the threaded stemof a bolt, which passes up into the central opening of the head O, asshown. The head of this bolt is fiattened and provided with transversesockets e, side by side, for the reception of the pivot-bolts f of armsor links F, which are adapted to play within the lower or outerchambered end of the head C. At the inner end of the chamber is formed aheartshaped abutment C', intersected by a slot, in which is seated thehead of the bolt E, the inner ends f of the links F beingcorrespondingly shaped, for a purpose to be hereinafter explained. Tothe outer ends of links F are pivoted the jaws G, the inner ends of theShanks or stems g of which are beveled outwardly and engage theoppositely-beveled webs c2 of the head C, as shown in Fig. 2.

The pivot-bolts G', which connect the jaws G with links F, are turneddown at the outer ends to receive a coiled spring g', the ends of whichengage the j aw-shank and the link and the stress of which is exerted tomaintain the faces of said jaws parallel with the links F.

In operation the turning of the thumb-nut D to draw screw-bolt E withinthe tubular stem will force the extensions f against the curved sides ofthe heart-shaped abutment O, thus forcing the outer ends of the linkstogether. Meanwhile the beveled inner ends of stems g of jaws G will beforced by springs g against the oppositely-beveled faces of the webs c2,and, sliding upon them to a degree corresponding to the movement of thelinks, the operating-faces of jaws G will remain always parallel to eachother, thus fitting them not IOO only for the more ready adjustment to anut, but insuring that the faces of the nut shall be closely andaccurately engaged when the jaws are forced against it. The abutment Calso effects a spreading ofthe links F by its engagement Withprojections or knees f3 of the latter, Fig. 1, which knees extend inwarda short distance beyond the pivots'f.

It will be understood that the jaw-Shanks can be made double orbifurcated andthe links single and situated between or in thebifurcation of theshanks. lVhen the shanks are thus brought with theirside faces against the inner faces of the cheeks of theY head C,

the oflices of the inclines c2 can be performed by inclined grooves c4,formed in said cheeks, Fig. 6, With which engage pins c5, which Will befixed in and carried by the shanks. This latter construction may beinverted, forming the grooves in the parts Gand fixing the pins in thehead C. Y

It VWill be seenthat the parts F and G fit neatly Within and entirely llthe space be tween the sides of the stock and that the ends Y of thelinks extend into the central cavity of the head. There is thus formed aWrench which is very solid and strong and capable of resisting greattorsional force.

Vhat I claim, and desire to. secure by ters Patent, Vis Y v l. Thecombination, substantially as described, of the head having beveledWays, the links seated in the head, and jaws pivoted at the outer endsof the links and having their stems in engagement with the ways of thehead, substantially as set forth. A

2. The combination, substantially as de scribed, of the head, thescrew-bolt adjustable therein, the links, and the jaws having stemsadapted to move in contact with a ixed part of the head, substantiallyas set forth.

3, In a Wrench, the combination, With the head, of the jaws G, pivotedtherein and hav- :Let-

ing springs g at their pivots, and means for adj nsting the jaws,substantially as set forth. 4. In a Wrench, the combination of the head,the jaws-having the knees f3 and extensions f', the abutment C', adaptedto be engaged by said knees' and extensions, and means for adjusting thejaws, substantially'as set forth.V In testimony whereof I afiix mysignature 1n presence of two Witnesses.

VPENDLETON G. DOUGLAS. lVitnesses:

XV. A. NEWMAN, G. S. WHEDBEE.

